Broadband Bytes for 2013-05-24

Broadband Bytes for 2013-05-17

Broadband Bytes for 2013-05-10

Is CenturyLink doing fiber-to-the-home or fiber-to-the-press release?

Before I could publish this, Chris Mitchell at MuniNetworks.org did a much more in-depth version of what I wrote here. I highly recommend reading his article for the nitty gritty details. Unsurprisingly, we both reached the same conclusion.

When Google announced they would be building a gigabit network in Austin, AT&T wasted no time trying to jump on that bandwagon for damage control. Of course, nobody believed it. How could a company who has shown no interest in network investment suddenly decide that they might want to get on that? I find myself in the same position with CenturyLink’s announcement of an FTTH testbed in Omaha. Moreso, they’re not even equipped to do it.

Bear in mind that this is going to be a very small deployment, just 48,000 homes. It’s focused on an area where CenturyLink provides TV service, a product they haven’t even put into trial in most markets after shutting it down and starting it back up again. This makes some sense as most fiber networks need multiple product offerings to make the network achieve the desired revenue goals. That also means that areas without TV trials are probably not likely to see the service anytime soon.

Then there’s the matter of money. CenturyLink is a cash-poor, debt-heavy behemoth that’s been shedding voice customers to cell carriers and broadband customers to anything that isn’t them. When was the last time they did a new ADSL2+ footprint anywhere in Utah? It’s been several years now with not a red cent of network improvement. Omaha is a testbed not because they don’t sorely need to upgrade their entire network, but because that’s likely all the money they can afford to spend. Without a highly profitable wireless business or a lead against their cable competitors, it doesn’t look like the picture is going to improve anytime soon either. Investors don’t seem to think so.

I’m sure CenturyLink will build out their “testbed” in Omaha. Heck, they’ll probably even expand it to the surrounding suburbs. But will they pick up enough steam to push it nationwide? I wouldn’t put money on it.

Broadband Bytes for 2013-05-03

If UTOPIA is a boat anchor, why is Orem the only one sinking?

Over the last year or so, it seems that Orem has taken a real hammering over UTOPIA expenses. Witness the latest low-information rant masquerading as publishable material for further evidence of this. The common refrain is that UTOPIA causes nothing but financial despair for cities. If that’s the case, why aren’t we hearing more stories like this about other cities?

Maybe it’s because UTOPIA isn’t the giant sinkhole people like to think it is. As I’ve discussed before, the issue Orem (and Taylorsville, and, to a lesser degree, West Valley City) is facing is all about having made bets on sales tax revenue from retail driven by out-of-town shoppers. That worked for a few decades, and Oremites got to enjoy some great city services and frozen property tax rates for that time.

But then the perfect storm hit. Retailers ran out of space in fast-growing Utah County and moved up to American Fork and Lehi. The recession killed off a lot of companies not nimble enough to weather it. And, most importantly, online retailers like Amazon swooped in and ganked away business on everything from books to TVs to furnaces (yes, they sell those). Any city who depended too heavily on retail got creamed.

Smart cities developed office space to diversify their tax base. Murray scored the Intermountain Medical Center. Midvale turned a superfund site into a fiber-loaded business park. And Orem? They lost Adobe to Lehi while a giant mixed use development stayed half-finished for years. And why? Because retail is what mattered to them.

This has nothing to do with UTOPIA. It has everything to do with the city overextending itself in myriad ways during good times. The responsible thing to do would be to explain the problem to the voters and undertake the long-overdue rebalancing of revenue streams back onto other sources. Opportunists, of which there are many, instead bury the boring issue of an imbalanced tax base under a hot-button scapegoat to suit their own agenda. Don’t let them get away with it.

Learning the Wrong Lessons from iProvo and Google Fiber: A Rebuttal

I suppose this kind of response to the Google Fiber announcement was inevitable, just as it’s completely false assumptions are. The author gets a number of predictable things wrong.

[A]nd finally Provo will be out of the Telcom business.

No, it won’t. It’s still paying for the bond, it has to shell out another $1.7M to make it happen, and there’s a provision that they get the buy the network back for $1 should Google decide to pull up stakes. Granted, that may never happen, but to say that Provo has washed its hands of the matter is patently false.

[I]t’s not like there was some huge cache of potential customers waiting for join the Net.

That’s a really funny thing to say about a network with a 35% take in spite of having multiple failed private providers and mountains of negative press. Bear in mind that Verizon was thrilled to have a 18% take rate on FIOS after two years. If anything, many people were holding out while they were waiting for a less-tainted provider to be an option.

[F]iber is clearly not “future-proof” as claimed at the time.

And here’s where an inch of knowledge on telecom gets you into trouble when you try wading into the ocean. The fiber itself is fine. Most of the work is in digging trenches, attaching to poles, putting in conduit, and running the lines. The electronics, while vital, are a relatively small portion of the overall network. It’s also worth noting that the 100Mbps electronics put in place almost a decade ago are still providing a service that neither Comcast nor CenturyLink can match or beat. That’s some pretty good longevity on any network equipment.

It’s worth noting that Google is deploying 1Gbps electronics when 10Gbps, 40Gbps, even 100Gbps electronics exist. Would the author slam Google for being behind the curve over that, making the same dubious claims over “future-proof” networks? Of course not. Any network is designed to take advantage of the best you can get for the money now and plan for upgrades in the future. It’s become painfully obvious that neither incumbent has done a particularly good job of doing so.

[W]ireless networking has greatly increased its speed and range, and cellular data has moved from a novelty to a mainstay of most cell phone plans.

Again, Mr. Platt gets in trouble by talking about technical things without any technical knowledge. Wireless almost always depends on fiber backhaul. When you use microwave backhaul like Clearwire and Sprint, you end up introducing a lot of latency into the connection which renders it unsuitable for any real-time application. Wireless also hasn’t come anywhere near catching up to fiber in terms of speed. It’s just barely starting to get to a point where a wireless ISP can offer up 100Mbps speeds.

It’s also comical to cite cellular as an alternative when, again, the speeds can’t match wireline. Even the best LTE connection can barely muster a real-world speed on par with CenturyLink’s oh-so-hard-to-find top-tier ADSL2+ product. That’s only going to drop as more LTE devices get into the hands of consumers. Most of those cellular plans come replete with very low caps, high overage charges, or some kind of throttling or filtering which makes them completely unsuitable for business use and hardly an alternative for residential users.

In the long run, it’s still unclear whether and how long wired internet connections will be relevant.

I think the preceding two paragraphs lay this one to rest. If wireline was dying, why would Verizon have poured billions into it, to the chagrin of investors, especially when they own America’s largest cellular company? Why would Google be pursuing deals in various cities to promote fiber-to-the-home? Why is FTTH so explosively popular in Hong Kong, Seoul, and Tokyo? This is yet another point on which Mr. Platt falls on rhetoric as a substitute for knowledge and comes up lacking. While companies like CenturyLink who lack the will and/or ability to upgrade their wireline networks are dying a slow and painful death, that has everything to do with being a terribly run business, not the relevance of their industry.

Most importantly, Internet service is far outside the essential role of government.

This is a common refrain, and it often comes with a big dose of selective outrage. The telecom sector has been rife with government intervention and cronyism almost since its inception. AT&T was a legally-protected monopoly right up until they were broken up in 1984. The major players in the industry got huge tax breaks in the Telco Act of 1996, the price of which has surpassed $300B. Google, on whom Mr. Platt lavishes praise, has received massive tax and financial benefits from the local governments where they plan to do business. Where is the outrage here? Or is the outrage reserved for when public money isn’t being spent on private enterprise? Sir, your principles ring hollow.

[T]hank you Google for buying out network at the appropriate price of $1.

The over-simplification of what the deal actual is shows yet more layers of gross ignorance. The network had an assessed value of $25M, and much of that had to do with the negative perception created by a string of grossly incompetent private providers (HomeNet, Mstar, Broadweave). For an economics professor, he’s not doing such a great job at following the money.

But this is where Mr. Platt’s true motivation sneaks on out in all of its ugly glory:

Please, let your monthly utility bill stir thoughts about the proper role of government. If this reflection somehow prevents citizens and politicians alike from future misadventures into private enterprise, it just might be worth it.

Translation: I’m glad that you can suffer and the taxpayers can be thrown under the bus in order to prove my ideological points. I’d do it again in a moment.

This kind of attitude is far too prevalent in the discourse about both iProvo and UTOPIA. The idea that making the projects fail in order to make taxpayers suffer so that you can be vindicated on your prediction is abhorrent at best. If you see someone with this attitude trying to get into any kind of government position, you’d do best to run in the other direction. Fast.

It’s sad that there’s no shortage of people who are confident in their lack of knowledge, nor that they spend so much time trying to get their ill-informed opinions into print. Let’s just hope that they become footnotes in the debate rather than carrying any real gravitas.

Broadband Bytes for 2013-04-26

How likely is it that your town gets Google Fiber next? Not very

If your neighbor won the lottery, would you quit your job right then because you’re certain that your ticket is going to pay off next? Of course you wouldn’t. Unfortunately, a lot of people are taking that same kind of attitude with regards to broadband. Even before Google announced that they would take over iProvo, a common refrain was “I’ll just sit back and wait for Google to come to me”. If you believe that you’re going to get fiber for nothing, you’re in for a very rude awakening. Let’s take a look at places Google has already announced for why.

Kansas City, KS/MO

I’m sure most folks were scratching their heads when the first Google Fiber town got named. Why would a run-down midwestern town with little more to claim that Sprint’s HQ in neighboring Overland Park be worthy of landing The Big G and its fiber project? The answer is that the “free” broadband came at a very steep price.

The development agreement between Google and Kansas City stipulates that “Google will bear all costs for the [Fiber] project.” Yet it goes on to guarantee the company:

  • Free power
  • Free office space for Google employees
  • Expedited permits and inspections (with fees waived)
  • Free marketing, including direct mail
  • Free right-of-way easements (i.e. Google can build anywhere they want without compensating the city for noise or increased traffic)
  • The right to approve or reject any public statements city city makes about Fiber

We don’t know yet what this will cost the city to essentially build a replacement monopoly (one that has already signed 90% of the city), but you can bet that the “benevolent monopoly” (as IGN called them) won’t stay that way.

Austin, TX

Long before Google had announced Fiber, Austin had been trying to form its own municipal network. Unfortunately for them, Texas is one of the states that outright banned municipal networks which may have cost them first city status. Google came back despite this because Austin had already shown that it was willing to do the work. And while the terms of their deal don’t seem to be as public as Kansas City or Provo (I couldn’t find them), you can bet that similar concessions were made.

Provo, UT

And now in our backyard, we have Provo and its iProvo network. The city started getting this network going with discussions in the late 90’s. Construction started in 2001. The city has been doing a lot of work to try and bring a world-class telecommunications platform into the city, and they still had to make Google one heck of a sweet deal to get them to take over.

Your City, UT?

Now I want you to ask yourself an honest question: what exactly has your city done to improve broadband? Other than maybe groveling at the feet of incumbent providers, I’d put my money on not a darn thing. How do you think Google will view that lack of initiative? Again, my money goes on not too favorably.

This leads to a follow-up question: if your city wasn’t willing to spend money on improving broadband before, what makes you so sure they’re ready to do it now? Did they even investigate joining UTOPIA? If they joined, did they support the UIA? If they got promises from Comcast and CenturyLink to do better, did you follow up to make sure they held up their end of the bargain? Yeah, exactly.

Like I said back in August, you need to do the work yourself. If you do, you’ll either get a network you built all on your own or Google may take notice and finish the job for you. Fortune favors the bold, and broadband is no exception. What you’ll get is equal to the effort you put in. Especially if it’s nothing.

How likely is it that Google Fiber takes over UTOPIA?

Even before Provo announced that Google Fiber would be taking over iProvo, there’s been a lot of speculation that Google Fiber could potentially take over UTOPIA. UTOPIA made their pitch with 1100 other cities, and I produced my own video explaining why a partnership would be a good deal for both parties. Since then, Google has drastically altered the original terms of the arrangement, throwing both open access and municipal involvement under the bus (unless you consider providing tons on concessions “involvement”). Despite Google and UTOPIA being in talks shortly after the RFI closed, I don’t think we’re likely to see any kind of takeover or partnership between the two unless there’s concessions from one or both sides.

I think the largest sticking point is going to be open access. UTOPIA has repeatedly stated that their goal is to offer a world-class infrastructure that any private company can use to provide services. It’s not just enough to provide a third pipe; the network must allow you to pick between companies that differentiate themselves on what they can do with it. This kind of competitive environment has been proven to drive innovation and lower consumer prices across the board. While I have no doubt that Google’s network will do both, it runs the risk of being so superior to existing options as to become a new monopoly.

Google’s focus has been on residential customers. While this is a critical segment for service, there’s almost no mention of business needs. Yes, small businesses and startups can probably do just fine using the same tier as residences, but many need more than that. UTOPIA’s biggest customer uses 20Gbps of bandwidth. If all of their users on the network were on gigabit, they’d need even more to keep up with all of them. The lack of focus on the business end of the pipe degrades the value of the gigabit connections for residential customers. UTOPIA has a complete end-to-end vision; Google does not.

Another problem is the financial terms of any arrangement between the two. Google got a very sweet deal on iProvo, effectively a perpetual free lease with a $1 security deposit. The city is still going to have to pay off the debt on the asset themselves. In exchange, they’re hoping that improvements done to the network will improve it enough that it will be an economic net positive. I think the city could have negotiated a better deal and Google would still be doing well on it financially. I have no doubt that the UTOPIA cities, who are much more eager to pay off the bond, would hold fast for better terms.

If the numbers from iProvo translate to UTOPIA, Google would have to spend somewhere in the range of $40-50M to connect houses currently passed by the fiber and upgrade them to gigabit. This doesn’t include building fiber rings to areas not yet covered. That could easily add another $150-200M to the tab. Should they manage decent take rates (35% of customers paying for service split evenly between Internet-only and double play, and another 35% taking the freebie service), they’d earn $78.1M per year on expenses (including the bond) of about $36M per year. At the high end of finishing the network, it would take them almost six years to break even.

Given that Google seems to be aiming for seven-year commitments, that might be a price they’re unwilling to pay. The cities would have to make some kind of concession to sweeten the pot, and it would likely include tossing existing providers off the network and covering at least some portion of the bond debt. These actions would cause a decent amount of backlash both from residents as a whole and the power user subscribers who have been evangelizing the network for years. If Google’s goal truly is to increase broadband penetration, I’d like to think they would accept any offer that doesn’t make them lose a small fortune.